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01.09.2026 à 15:35

What does being rich mean to you?

Neemah Dudan

Texte intégral (4338 mots)

For a long time, the answer seemed pretty simple. Being rich meant having money. Lots of it. Enough to live extravagantly, buy whatever you want and never really have to worry about the cost. But over the last few years, the conversation around wealth has become a lot more complicated.

It has become harder and harder to ignore just how much wealth is concentrated in the hands of a tiny few, particularly at a time when the cost of living is rising, inequality is growing and governments are struggling to find the money needed to respond to the climate crisis.

To commemorate International Workers' Day (May Day), Greenpeace Indonesia, part of the Labor Movement with the People (GEBRAK), calls for the fulfillment of basic workers' rights amidst the multi-layered crises that increasingly pressures people's lives: from economic instability, soaring living costs, the climate crisis, and global conflict. Amid these overlapping pressures, one thing is certain: Workers Deserve Better!

And extreme wealth does not exist in a bubble. The way money is accumulated, taxed and distributed has a very real impact on the societies we live in and the planet we all depend on.

That is where Fair Share for People and Planet – a Greenpeace campaign to fight for fair global tax rules – comes in.

Why the world needs fair taxation

In 2025, we asked people around the world to join us in calling for fairer global tax rules and a future where everyone can live safely, securely and with dignity on a liveable planet.

500 Greenpeace Africa volunteers are peacefully gathering to send out a powerful message to governments to tax the super-rich, ahead of the UN Framework Convention in International Tax Cooperation (also known as UN Tax Convention or UNTC) negotiations taking place in Nairobi from 10-19 November. Together, they will form a human banner of the African continent with a printed banner that says Tax the Super-rich for People and Planet.

Put simply, we’re asking governments around the world to make the super rich pay their fair share. The money for fighting the climate crisis is there, it’s just in the wrong hands. By setting up new global tax rules, we can change a currently pretty unfair game for the better.

And now we have reached a pretty big milestone.

200,000 people have added their names to our Tax the Super Rich petition.

Climate action needs money. So does healthcare. Education. Public transport. Disaster response. Sustainable housing. Clean water. Stronger public services.

The list goes on.

But the world is not simply short of money. Huge amounts of wealth already exist. The problem is that too much of it is concentrated at the very top, while governments do not always have the political or fiscal tools needed to direct those resources towards the things our societies urgently need. And in some places, the problem is deepened by corruption too, meaning people cannot rely on governments to manage resources fairly or transparently.

Greenpeace Spain presents a 4-metre doll of a baby Elon Musk threatening the planet with his chainsaw during the civil society march ahead of the 4th International Conference on Financing for Development (FfD4) that starts tomorrow in Seville. The organisation is calling on world leaders to push for ambitious commitments to fair new global rules on tax and debt, and to hold billionaires and fossil polluters accountable for the climate change they cause.

That is one of the central ideas behind our Fair Share campaign: there is enough money to fund climate and nature action, but too much of it is concentrated in the hands of the super-rich. Fairer taxation can help redirect more of that wealth towards people, the planet and essential public services.

This is why Greenpeace is talking about tax. Climate justice and economic justice are deeply connected.

When a flood destroys homes, when a drought threatens food supplies, when extreme heat puts lives at risk or when the cost of basic necessities rises, the impact is not felt equally.

Who has savings? Who has insurance? Who can relocate? Who has access to healthcare? Who gets support when things go wrong?

These are climate questions, but they are also economic ones.

A firefighter stands in front of a burning house. 
In the 2025-2026 wildfire season alone, more than three thousand wildfires have already been recorded. Nationwide, the burned area is 193% higher than that of the previous season (2024-2025). The Ñuble, Biobío, and La Araucanía regions, among the hardest hit in southern Chile, remain under a state of emergency.

What will fair taxation on extreme wealth achieve?

At its heart, Fair Share is about something pretty simple: creating fairer tax systems where those with the greatest wealth contribute more towards the functioning societies we all depend on.

It is about making sure our tax systems reflect people’s ability to contribute, and making sure governments have the resources they need to invest in a safer and more secure future.

The campaign is also part of a much bigger global effort to change the rules themselves.

500 Greenpeace Africa volunteers are peacefully gathering to send out a powerful message to governments to tax the super-rich, ahead of the UN Framework Convention in International Tax Cooperation (also known as UN Tax Convention or UNTC) negotiations taking place in Nairobi from 10-19 November. Together, they will form a human banner of the African continent with a printed banner that says Tax the Super-rich for People and Planet.

Greenpeace and allies around the world are pushing for an ambitious UN Global Tax Treaty, including stronger measures for taxing high-net-worth individuals and multinational corporations. The bigger goal is to build the public pressure and political leadership needed to unlock more public money for a fast, fair and people-focused transition.

Because fair taxation is not just a nice idea. It is a practical solution.

It can help fund climate action, public services, debt relief and stronger communities, while moving us away from the idea that philanthropy or voluntary generosity can somehow replace functioning and fair tax systems.

What has the Fair Share campaign to tax the super rich achieved so far?

Over the past year, this conversation has moved from policy spaces into streets, cities, social media feeds and everyday conversations around the world.

Activists from the UK action group Everyone hates Elon and Greenpeace Italy unfolded a giant 20x20m banner reading “If you can rent Venice for your wedding, you can pay more tax” on Piazza San Marco, as Jeff Bezos is due to celebrate his reportedly multi-million wedding in the lagoon city this week.

In Venice, a Greenpeace action calling for Jeff Bezos to pay more tax became part of a much wider conversation around extreme wealth. Social media videos featuring footage of the action received more than 35 million views, while the protest received widespread international media attention.

In Johannesburg, Greenpeace Africa took the call to Tax the Super Rich directly to the G20 in 2025.

As G20 Finance Ministers meet in Cape Town, South Africa, Greenpeace activists take a stand for tax justice, demanding that the super-rich pay their fair share. With bold messages and unwavering determination, they are making sure world leaders cannot ignore the truth.
The G20 presidency emphasises Ubuntu – 'I am because you are' - a philosophy of interconnectedness, solidarity, and equality. Now, it's time for leaders to uphold these values and create a fairer system that works for everyone, not just the elite few.
#TaxTheSuperRich

We have also been testing how people actually respond to conversations about tax.

Across six African countries, some of the most convincing messages were based on a very simple principle: people with more wealth should contribute more according to their ability.

Other strong messages focused on how fair taxation can help countries fund development, and how greater tax contributions from billionaires and large corporations can help improve things like schools, hospitals and roads.

People power works

That number matters because of what it represents.

It is 200,000 people saying our economies can work differently.

It is 200,000 people asking governments to build fairer tax systems.

It is 200,000 people saying that those with the greatest ability to contribute should play their part in funding the societies we all rely on.

And it is 200,000 people joining a much wider movement asking what our economies are actually for, and who they are supposed to serve.

I am one of those 200,000 people.

Greenpeace International activists from across Europe symbolically “confiscated” private planes at the Engadin airport in Samedan, Switzerland, which is used by participants of the World Economic Forum (WEF).
The peaceful protest marks the last of a series of creative interventions calling policy-makers to tax the super-rich, representing 1% of the world’s population, and redirect tax revenues towards affordable green housing, public transport, and climate and environmental action, to support communities and protect the planet.

So what does being rich actually mean?

And for me, this conversation has changed how I think about being “rich”.

The rose-tinted, dollar-sign glasses have slowly come off. Material wealth starts to feel a little less important when compared with the richness of human connection, safety and a healthy environment.

Being rich in life now means being able to breathe clean air and drink clean water. It means having food on the table. It means having people I love around me. It means being able to pursue my dreams and knowing that there are systems in place to support me when things go wrong.

It also means living on a planet where a flood, drought, wildfire or other climate disaster does not have the power to completely undo everything a person has worked for.

Because wealth is not only about how much money someone has.

It is also about security. It is about choices. It is about whether you can afford groceries, access healthcare or rebuild your life after a climate disaster.

A father and his child wade through a flooded street in Samarinda, East Kalimantan. The city collapsed due to big flood that was caused by massive coal exploration in this area.

What kind of future will we fund?

Creating a world where more people can experience that kind of richness requires investment.

That is why fair taxation matters.

Fairer taxes on extreme wealth could give governments more resources to invest in climate action, strengthen public services, help communities adapt to a changing climate and build societies where more people have the chance to live secure and fulfilling lives.

No amount of private wealth can create a separate planet. 

At one of the biggest wind farms in Fukushima prefecture, Japan, 33 wind turbines are producing electricity equivalent to power demands of 35,000 households’ demands per year. Fukushima prefecture has declared to become 100% renewable by 2040. After the Fukushima nuclear disaster, Feed in Tariff scheme was installed in 2012. Since then renewable energy, mainly photovoltaic, has grown massively however, wind capacity hasn’t grown so much and remains 3GW in 2015.

We all depend on the same air, the same water, functioning societies and a stable climate. And that is what makes the 200,000 milestone feel so important. It shows that more and more people want governments to act. It shows that fair taxation is no longer just a technical conversation happening behind closed doors. It is becoming part of a much bigger public conversation about fairness, justice and the kind of future we want to build.

And 200,000 people is not the end of that journey.

It is proof that the movement is growing.

Every person who adds their name strengthens the call for governments to create fairer global tax rules, tax extreme wealth more fairly and invest that money in the people and places that need it most.

Because being rich in life should not mean having more than you could ever use while that extreme wealth comes at the expense of the planet we all share.

It should mean living in a world where everyone has enough.

Naeemah Dudan is a Digital Specialist for Greenpeace Africa, based in South Africa.

Banner Action in Venice, Italy. © Greenpeace / Michele Lapini
Tax the super-rich

Together, let’s urge governments to tax the super-rich and fund a green and fair future.

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28.08.2026 à 14:53

Greenpeace Pictures of the Week

Greenpeace International

Texte intégral (2807 mots)

Vulnerable seniors captured in ice, restoring corals, and heatwaves hitting Europe. Here are a few of our favourite images from Greenpeace work around the world this week.


With four life-size ice sculptures, Greenpeace is commemorating the victims of this extreme summer at Berlin’s treeless Gendarmenmarkt. In the center of the melting sculptures, activists display the updated number of heat-related deaths: 15,800. According to current estimates by the Robert Koch Institute, this is how many people died prematurely from the effects of the heat in the summer of 2026.
© Gordon Welters / Greenpeace

🇩🇪 Germany – With four life-size ice sculptures, Greenpeace Germany is commemorating the victims of this extreme summer at Berlin’s treeless Gendarmenmarkt. In the center of the melting sculptures, activists display the updated number of heat-related deaths: 15,800. According to current estimates by the Robert Koch Institute, this is how many people died prematurely from the effects of the heat in the summer of 2026.


Greenpeace Indonesia, the USBA Institute, the Raja Ampat Indigenous Community, and the Congo Basin Indigenous Community participate in coral reef restoration activities through coral transplantation on Arborek Island, Raja Ampat, Southwest Papua, Indonesia. The activity highlights the importance of Indigenous-led conservation and collective efforts to protect and restore Raja Ampat’s rich marine biodiversity and coral reef ecosystems.
© Alif R Nouddy Korua / Greenpeace

🇮🇩 Indonesia – Greenpeace Indonesia, the USBA Institute, the Raja Ampat Indigenous Community, and the Congo Basin Indigenous Community participate in coral reef restoration activities through coral transplantation on Arborek Island, Raja Ampat, Southwest Papua, Indonesia. The activity highlights the importance of Indigenous-led conservation and collective efforts to protect and restore Raja Ampat’s rich marine biodiversity and coral reef ecosystems.


A massive fire broke out on Friday 14 August 2026 in the High Fens nature reserve (East of Belgium). Fueled by the dry vegetation, this peatland fire ravaged more than 3,000 hectares of nature.
© Eric De Mildt / Greenpeace

🇧🇪 Belgium – A massive fire broke out on Friday 14 August 2026 in the High Fens nature reserve (East of Belgium). Fuelled by the dry vegetation, this peatland fire ravaged more than 3,000 hectares of nature.


Greenpeace activists demonstrate in front of Neuhardenberg Castle for better climate protection, using a fire truck and a banner reading “Merz, put out the fire.”

There, the governing coalition is primarily discussing economic issues. While heat protection and climate adaptation are on the agenda, the Union continues to categorically reject the SPD’s demand to enshrine a “joint mission for climate adaptation and nature conservation” in the Basic Law.
© Verena Brüning / Greenpeace

🇩🇪 Germany – Greenpeace Germany activists demonstrate in front of Neuhardenberg Castle near Berlin for better climate protection, using a fire truck and a banner reading “Merz, put out the fire.”


🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 Wales – Greenpeace UK addresses Prime Minister Andy Burnham in a massive land artwork on the side of a mountain in Conwy, Wales, where “terrifying” wildfires recently incinerated vast parts of the landscape. Greenpeace used the scorched earth as a canvas to send a message to the new British Prime Minister “Our house is on fire Andy”, accompanied by an illustration of Burnham poised to pour oil and gas over the flames urging the new PM to pay attention to climate impacts battering the country and reject consent for more drilling in the North Sea.
The artwork was made using eco-friendly, plastic free paint.


Papuan, Brazil Amazon Indigenous, and Greenpeace activists hold a photo opportunity during Raja Ampat Indigenous Grand Assembly in Arborek island, Raja Ampat, Southwest Papua. To celebrate the International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples, and to support their movement to protect their lans, Greenpeace and USBA hold a series of events at  Arborek island in Raja Ampat, Southwest Papua. This is also a follow-up to the #SaveRajaAmpat campaign and the Indigenous Senate Assembly, which resulted in eight main demands, This meeting is also a step towards CBD COP - 17 in Armenia.
© Jurnasyanto Sukarno / Greenpeace

🇮🇩 Indonesia – Representatives of Papuan and Brazilian Amazon Indigenous communities hold a photo opportunity during Raja Ampat Indigenous Grand Assembly in Arborek island, Raja Ampat, Southwest Papua. To celebrate the International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples, and to support their movement to protect their lands.

Greenpeace activists from Romania, Austria, Slovenia, and Slovakia aboard the Arctic Sunrise carried out a peaceful protest in the international waters of the Black Sea, calling for the deployment of safe renewables over risky gas projects. Deploying a 11-meter floating banner, they highlighted how offshore gas extraction in the Black Sea is highly vulnerable to military attacks and cannot guarantee energy security, while posing grave risks to marine ecosystems.
© Dan Saracut / Greenpeace

🌊 Black Sea – Greenpeace activists from Romania, Austria, Slovenia, and Slovakia aboard the ship Arctic Sunrise carried out a peaceful protest in the international waters of the Black Sea, calling for the deployment of safe renewables over risky gas projects. Deploying a 11-meter floating banner, they highlighted how offshore gas extraction in the Black Sea is highly vulnerable to military attacks and cannot guarantee energy security, while posing grave risks to marine ecosystems.


On the occasion of International Youth Day, The Youths and Volunteers Programme organized an activity titled "SPORT FOR EBO FOREST" at Parcours Vita in Yaoundé.
This hiking event, held in support of the Ebo Forest, enabled youths and volunteers to take part in a fitness walk led by a sports coach, participate in a photo session, and enjoy moments of bonding through recreational games.
© Massin Gneba Bienvenu / Greenpeace

🇨🇲 Cameroon – On the occasion of International Youth Day, The Youth and Volunteers Programme organised an activity titled “SPORT FOR EBO FOREST” at Parcours Vita in Yaoundé. This hiking event, held in support of the Ebo Forest, enabled youths and volunteers to take part in a fitness walk led by a sports coach, participate in a photo session, and enjoy moments of bonding through recreational games.


Greenpeace Nordic activists peacefully protest at the headquarters of the lobbying organization Danish Agriculture & Food Council in Copenhagen, Denmark. The activists have climbed up and raised a red warning flag on the flagpole and hung a large banner over the façade with the message: “Here the dead fjords begin.” The protest draws a straight line from the lobbying organization to the dying fjords and waters that are under pressure from oxygen depletion.
Greenpeace argues that the organization has for years misled agriculture’s significant role in nitrogen pollution of the marine environment to avoid taking responsibility. Greenpeace is calling on politicians to cut the close ties with Danish Agriculture & Food Council and implement strict regulations to reduce nitrogen emissions from fertilizers and manure into the aquatic environment.
© Rasmus Preston / Greenpeace

🇩🇰 Denmark – Greenpeace Nordic activists peacefully protest at the headquarters of the lobbying organization Danish Agriculture & Food Council in Copenhagen, Denmark. The activists have climbed up and raised a red warning flag on the flagpole and hung a large banner over the façade with the message: “Dead fjords start here.” The protest draws a straight line from the lobbying organisation to the dying fjords and waters that are under pressure from oxygen depletion caused by nitrogen pollution from industrial agriculture.


Greenpeace has been a pioneer of photo activism for more than 50 years, and remains committed to bearing witness and exposing environmental injustice through the images we capture.

To see more Greenpeace photos and videos, please visit our Media Library.

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28.08.2026 à 09:45

The human, environmental and economic cost of the war on Iran

Camilo Sanchez

Texte intégral (3233 mots)

Six months after the US-Israeli war on Iran began, civilians, ecosystems and households far beyond the battlefield are still paying its price. The costs appear in lives lost and displaced, polluted seas and air, and higher bills driven by a fossil fuel-dependent energy system.

The human cost of the war on Iran

It is difficult to have an exact, up-to-date figure, but various records indicate that more than 8,000 human beings have lost their lives and around 50,000 have been injured as a result of the war:

In the first 40 days of the war alone, more than 3,500 people were killed in Iran.

● More than 750 US soldiers wounded and 18 killed, according to the Pentagon (the same institution that has recently hidden figures).

Every life is sacred and the human suffering of this and any war should be reason enough to stop the bombing.

09 April 2026, Lebanon, Beirut: A worker tries to salvage boxes from a destroyed building in an area hit by Israeli strikes on Beirut. Israel carried out its heaviest strikes on Lebanon since the conflict with pro-Iranian Hezbollah broke out last month, as the group resumed rocket attacks on northern Israel after a brief pause under the two-week US-Iran ceasefire.

The environmental cost of the war on Iran

War ruins life in all its forms. Even relatively small oil spills can have a strong environmental impact and lasting consequences for marine ecosystems.

The impact of oil spills is so severe that some of them are now visible from space. One example is the spill stretching for more than eight kilometres south of the Iranian island of Qeshm, after a vessel was damaged in waters near the Strait of Hormuz. Despite clean-up efforts, this has put mangroves, coastal habitats and the people whose livelihoods depend on the sea at risk.

But sadly, this is not the first oil spill caused by war, and it certainly won’t be the last. In May, for example, the Iranian Navy frigate IRIS Dena was torpedoed and sunk by the U.S. Navy in the Indian Ocean. Three days after it sank, an oil slick appeared near the coast of Sri Lanka, showing that transporting oil safely is just as impossible as cleaning up an oil spill.

Greenpeace survey of Gulf War oil pollution in Iran. Paul Brown, environmental journalist for The Guardian, looking at tar on a beach, South Iranian coast.

Also in May, an oil spill, allegedly caused by attacks on a refinery, reached the shores of Shidvar Island, one of Iran’s most important protected nature reserves and a refuge for coral reefs, endangered sea turtles, dolphins and birds, which were trapped in the tar.

And as if that weren’t enough, this is compounded by the contamination of drinking water, the air, and food. In the first two weeks of the war on Iran alone, 5 million tonnes of CO₂ were emitted. Attacks on oil installations have caused “black rain” (a mixture of oil and precipitation) and thick plumes of toxic smoke, while the bombing of military installations spreads dangerous pollutants.

It is in this way that war not only takes lives, but also destroys the systems that make life possible: water networks, sewage treatment works, farmland, ports, fuel depots and the electricity infrastructure, amongst others.

The economic cost of the war on Iran

War is very, very expensive. Reconstruction, long-term health and environmental harm, lost livelihoods, the higher gas, energy and food costs paid by households worldwide, and of course the direct military costs. Let’s take the latter for reference:

According to United States Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth, the first five months of the war cost US$37 billion. If that’s true, the war has cost US$260 million a day.

But despite that being almost double the daily economic expenditure of the Vietnam War, it’s not enough for Trump – which is why the Pentagon requested an additional US$67 billion from Congress. Yes, two times what it claims to have spent. To put that in perspective, that figure is greater than the GDP of entire countries like Cameroon, Jordan, or Iceland. And even then, it would barely cover a small portion of the expenses.

Secretary of War Pete Hegseth and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff U.S. Air Force Gen. Dan Caine conduct a press briefing on Operation Epic Fury at the Pentagon, Washington, D.C., March 4, 2026.

Linda J. Bilmes, a professor of public policy at Harvard Kennedy School, suggests that the war has cost so far around US$120 billion —and “that doesn’t include another US$250 billion for rebuilding the hundreds of U.S. facilities across the Middle East that have been destroyed or damaged. And then there are long-term costs, which are the sort of base of the iceberg, and they are much larger”.

There’s more. The Iran war could unleash the largest single-year US military expenditure since World War II. That is, if Congress approves the obscene US$1.5 trillion defense budget the Trump administration proposed for 2027.

And what is all that money for? No, it’s not to fund public health care for US citizens. Nor is it to help young people pay off their student debt. While US weaponry and your personal budget are dwindling, Trump’s goal is to build a “Dream Military“.

The personal cost of the war on Iran (on your budget)

Meanwhile, millions of people are living a nightmare. The closure of the Strait of Hormuz (through which almost a fifth of the world’s oil used to pass) has caused the price of oil to fluctuate wildly. And when that happens, everything gets more expensive.

It’s called fossilflation (inflation triggered by rising costs of fossil fuels) and you’re probably already paying for it, whether it’s in the gas prices, in your groceries, your energy bill, or even your rent.

Three Greenpeace UK activists visit all nine petrol stations in Clacton, the main town in Nigel Farage’s Essex constituency, and decorate the pumps with stickers showing Trump claiming responsibility for the high pump prices, and Farage expressing his support. Each pump has received two stickers. One shows Trump pointing at the price ticker on the pump, says ‘I did that!’. The other shows Farage pointing at the same spot and says ‘I support that!’.

Although Trump says the increase in prices is just “peanuts”, the Climate Solutions Lab at Brown University estimates that US Americans have collectively paid more than US$86 billion extra since the war began. That means that, on average, each household in the US has had to find ways to pay US$660 more in the last six months.

And the worst part is that, even if the war ends tomorrow (and we hope it does), we will continue to feel the effects of fossilflation for months and even years, all over the world.

And how much does the solution cost? It’s actually pretty affordable 

With six months having passed since the war began, it’s worth asking: what brought us here in the first place? There’s a determining factor in this equation: the global economy’s utter addiction to fossil fuels.

And that’s why we talk about fossilflation (and not just inflation). The human, environmental, and economic costs of this war could be avoided if our economies didn’t depend on the oil that’s blocked in Hormuz and spilling in Oman.

To celebrate World Wind Day and mark the 100th day of Donald Trump’s war on Iran, which has seen oil prices spike and cost of living rise worldwide as a result, Greenpeace activists visited Te Uku wind farm near Raglan in New Zealand and transformed wind turbines into peace signs with the message “THIS MACHINE STOPS WARS”. Pictured is Senthil Kumar.

How can governments protect people from future fossil fuel price shocks?

While the world watches in terror and confusion, the solution to this crisis already exists. No strait can block the sun or the wind, and that’s why renewables are a strategic solution for a country’s energy and economic security. Moreover, renewable energy is already the most affordable new source of electricity in most parts of the world. Solar power is, on average, 41% cheaper and onshore wind power more than 50% cheaper than the cheapest fossil fuel alternatives.

One way to finance this energy transition is by taxing the very oil companies that are currently reaping record profits from the war. So there’s no excuse. Your government must protect the people from fossilflation and reduce your country’s dependence on fossil fuels by accelerating the transition to clean energy

Six months on, the costs of this war are being carried by people who did not choose it: families facing violence and displacement, communities having to breathe toxic air, and households squeezed by higher bills. Governments must pursue peace, make fossil fuel polluters pay and invest in renewable energy, efficient homes, public transport and resilient food systems. Only by reducing dependence on volatile oil and gas can we build lasting security.

Majid Saeedi / Getty Images
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26.08.2026 à 14:28

What the ‘natural’ disasters of 2026 reveal about climate change

Aaron Gray-Block

Texte intégral (4651 mots)

Last updated: 28 August 2026

The first half of 2026 has seen record-breaking heatwaves in Europe, Asia, Africa and North America, as climate change – supercharged by the burning of fossil fuels – increasingly exposes countries to extreme weather events and the so-called natural disasters of 2026. Devastating flash floods in Nepal are a human tragedy and a dire warning of the heightened risks of rapidly melting ice and glacier collapse in an overheated world. 

The heatwaves triggered exceptional wildfires across western Europe and led to smoke haze from Canadian blazes blanketing large swathes of the US northeast and midwest. Amid a prolonged dry season, the biggest wildfires in Indonesia since the 2015 El Niño have blanketed parts of Southeast Asia in acrid smoke, while India faces its weakest monsoon in two decades.

All of New York State, including New York City, and parts of New Jersey are under an Air Quality Advisory due to the smoke from more than 100 wildfires burning in Canada.
The Tri-State is seeing visible smoke and hazy skies across the state and spikes in smoke-related pollution.
Air quality conditions reached "very unhealthy" levels (AQI above 201) on July 16, 2026 for New York City and parts of the Tri-State.
Fine particle pollution from wildfire smoke can cause shortness of breath, coughing, dizziness, or fatigue, and can aggravate heart and lung diseases and other chronic health issues.

The Nepal flash-flood is being attributed to a collapsed glacier in the Himalayas, amid ongoing concerns in the region over the impacts of climate change due to indications that floods, landslides, avalanches and droughts are “increasing in frequency and ferocity” across the region.

These heatwaves and so-called natural disasters are the type of impacts IPCC climate scientists have been warning us about for decades due to the burning of coal, oil and gas. The record-shattering temperatures – and new record sea surface temperatures – are the grim reality of climate change and the reason why we need to transition away from fossil fuels to renewable energies.

The need to act is more urgent than ever, especially as the El Niño is set to become a record-breaking historic event of its own on an already rapidly warming planet. Forecast to be a ‘super’ El Niño, it is expected to usher in even more severe extreme weather events as the global climate edges closer and closer to temporarily overshooting the Paris Agreement’s goal of limiting warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial times.

Greenpeace has documented, with exclusive aerial images, the areas burned by wildfires in Toledo, Madrid, Ávila, Segovia, and Guadalajara. The images taken from a small plane reflect the devastation of the Burgohondo fire, the largest on record, as well as the fire that affected the Sierra Oeste region of Madrid, which led to the declaration of a national emergency.
This summer of 2026 has already set several milestones in the history of forest fires in Spain, both for their magnitude and ferocity and for the number of people affected and killed. Therefore, Greenpeace, in collaboration with photographer Pedro Armestre, wanted to analyze the magnitude of the devastation from the air, even reaching areas not previously photographed in southern Ávila, the Sierra Oeste region of Madrid, and the northern part of the province of Guadalajara.

So why has 2026 seen so many wildfires and heatwaves?

The record heatwaves have spawned conditions contributing to wildfires as our climate rapidly heats up due to decades of fossil fuel pollution and forest destruction. 

Since the Paris Agreement was reached, the years 2015-2025 have been the hottest 11-years on record. Our climate is now more out of balance than at any time in recorded history and as greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, the 1.5°C threshold is increasingly under threat.

The series of extreme weather events of 2026 also come after July was the planet’s joint warmest July on record, tying with July 2024, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration said. It continued a trend in which the 10 warmest Julys on record have all occurred since 2016, with the past four years (2023–2026) taking the top four spots.

Due to a combination of July’s record land heat and record sea surface temperatures, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) said heatwaves, drought, fire and floods defined the state of the Earth’s climate in July and early August. In the European Union, the wildfires were the fourth worst on record by early August, triggered by conditions linked to climate change. 

Drought impacts Rhine River's water level in Germany. The river Rhine with a very low water level, here in Cologne.

While Southern Africa experienced cyclones and widespread flooding from relentless rainfalls at the start of the year, the WMO said Africa and Asia experienced their warmest July on record. Japan and South Korea both recorded exceptional and record-breaking heat at the start of August, alongside other regions in Asia, the Middle East and Latin America. 

The Copernicus Climate Change Service said western Europe had its hottest June-July period on record, experiencing four heatwaves since May in an “exceptional run of extreme heat”. Europe is now the fastest-warming continent, warming at more than twice the global average rate.

It’s a trend that brings the “hot and dry conditions that favour large, high-intensity wildfires” that not only result in injury and death, but also health concerns such as respiratory and cardiovascular illness, hospital admissions and premature death from smoke inhalation.

But these extreme weather events cannot be classified as ‘natural’ disasters any more. Extreme weather has become more frequent and destructive due to decades of fossil fuel emissions and it’s time for the world’s governments to hold these oil and gas profiteers to account.

There’s also nothing natural about extractive economic systems that leave some countries, communities and groups of people extremely vulnerable to such hazards. The same powerful interests operating with impunity have stymied political will to hold big polluters to account.

How can these so-called natural disasters be linked to fossil fuels?

These escalating extreme heatwaves, storms and wildfires are not random chaos: they are instead the result of government inaction allowing fossil fuel companies and nature destroyers to profit over people. This is why political leaders must step up and accelerate action to end fossil fuels and to end forest destruction.

Human-caused atmospheric warming – due to the current and historic emissions primarily from industrialised countries and major corporations – is directly associated with extreme cold and heat events and large-scale heavy rainfall events, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) found.

NASEM said these links have been established with high confidence – supported by physical understanding, observation and simulations – after it recently reviewed progress on attributing extreme weather events to climate change over the last decade.

Two recent rapid attribution studies showed the European and North American heatwaves were virtually impossible without climate change, which is caused by the build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere due to the burning of coal, oil and gas and forest destruction.

The rapid attribution study by scientists at World Weather Attribution (WWA) examining the influence of climate change said a similar June heatwave in western Europe would have been around 3.5°C cooler if it had happened 50 years ago. 

Another WWA study found that the extreme North American heatwave – which impacted the 250th anniversary celebrations of the United States – was “much more likely and intense” due to human-induced climate change. The WWA study found the specific impacts driven by persistent, humid heat “would not have happened in a preindustrial climate”.

Will 2026 become the hottest year on record?

Scientists are already calculating that 2026 could become one of the hottest years on record, as they also anticipate  2027 might even exceed this year’s level. 

Amid rising emissions and strong indications the El Niño will continue to develop in coming months and dominate global climate patterns in the August-October period, Berkeley Earth calculated there’s a 69 percent chance that 2026 will become a record hot year.

The UK Met Office has also said 2026 will be remembered for the development of an “unprecedented” El Niño – possibly the largest such event since the 19th century. It said 2027 will likely replace 2024 as the warmest year on record and be another year to temporarily exceed 1.5°C.

This is cause for great concern because El Niño conditions can lead to further widespread extreme weather impacts, including droughts in some regions and intense storms and rainfall in others.

At risk, for example, is the Indian summer monsoon, which is already running well below normal rainfall, while Central America, west Pacific nations and tropical South America are also at risk of low rainfall. The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization said El Niño conditions trigger failed harvests, livestock losses, rising household debt and migration in search of food and water.

Elsewhere, the El Niño can lead to more intense storms and extreme rainfall hitting central Asia (China, Japan and South Korea), parts of southern South America, the southern US and parts of the Horn of Africa.

How is the heatwave in Europe affecting river water levels and nuclear energy systems?

Water levels across four of Europe’s main rivers, the Loire, Po, Rhine and Danube rivers, reached record-lows in August. The prolonged dry conditions are putting growing pressure on water resources, crops, energy systems, river transport, tourism and ecosystems.

The water shortages also have a large flow-on effect to nuclear energy systems, which rely on pumped river water for cooling purposes. Due to the low water levels, pumping devices for nuclear power plants located along the Danube have been unable to reach the water.

As a result, Romania shut down its nuclear power plant, the Cernavodă, which produces about 20 percent of Romania’s electricity. Although Hungary narrowly escaped the full shutdown of its Paks nuclear plant, it was forced to cut output to just 10 percent as it shuttered three of its four reactors at a plant that normally produces nearly ​half of Hungary’s electricity.

The Paks Nuclear Power Plant in Paks, Hungary. The power plant was forced to reduce capacity and is expected to shut down completely due to the drought affecting the Danube.

What this reveals is the inherent vulnerability of nuclear power plants to water shortages and drought because a complete and long-lasting loss of water cooling would become a major safety threat. It’s just another reason why we need an energy system based on renewables, not nuclear or fossil fuels, and yet another reminder of the wide-ranging impacts from extreme weather events.

Record atmospheric CO2 as fossil fuel emissions continue to rise

CO2 emissions are dangerously high and rising. Governments must act urgently to bring them down. Data from the International Energy Agency showed the growth in energy-related CO2 emissions slowed in 2025, rising by 0.4 percent, the slowest rate since 2021. However, CO2 emissions still increased to a new high of nearly 38.4 billion tonnes (Gt), 5 percent above 2019 levels.

While this is clearly not good news, the roll-out of renewable energy is slowing down the growth in emissions. The expansion of solar power had the biggest contribution in slowing emissions growth last year, avoiding 1.5 Gt of annual CO2 emissions (equal to half of India’s annual CO2 emissions in 2025, for example). 

Despite this, record atmospheric CO2 levels of about 427 parts-per-million were recorded in 2024, which is about 50 percent above pre-industrial levels.

These levels have continued to climb in 2026 and reached a monthly average record high of 432.3 parts per million in May at Hawaii’s Mauna Loa Observatory, which has the longest record of direct measurements of CO2 in the atmosphere.

How far away are we from an exceedance of the 1.5°C limit?

Exceeding the 1.5°C global heating limit raises the risks of irreversible climate tipping points and severe environmental damage. The continued trend of record hot years exposes how the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5°C is becoming more and more difficult to achieve. But this reality must serve as a rallying call to action for all countries to dramatically ratchet up climate ambition – above all developed countries that have an historical responsibility to act first and fastest.

The WMO has warned it’s very likely that the global temperature will temporarily exceed 1.5°C for at least one year between 2026 and 2030. It also said that it’s likely the 2026-2030 five-year average will exceed 1.5°C, with the associated risk of more extreme weather events.

What this means is that it’s time for political leadership! Governments must now respond and as pivotal moments and deadlines approach, world leaders need to accelerate the just transition away from fossil fuels with the speed and commitment to match the threat. 

Artificial smoke, ashes, burnt logs and a black banner outside the Congress of Deputies reading “Spain is burning. Your inaction is killing us”. This is how Greenpeace Spain activists peacefully protested this morning in Madrid to show their solidarity with the thousands of people affected by the fires, as well as demanding that political groups and administrations act and engage in real politics to address the climate emergency. All this at the start of a fourth heatwave and with much of the country affected by historic fires that have already claimed 15 direct fatalities and displaced more than 100,000 people.

What can governments do to speed up the transition away from fossil fuels

Governments can and must speed up the transition from fossil fuels to decentralised renewable energy systems powered by cheap, reliable and abundant energy sources like wind and solar. The good news is there’s already an accelerating shift to renewables. A Greenpeace International report found that the pace of change in the past 10 years offered great hope for a renewable future – due largely to the significant cost reduction of solar, wind power and battery storage technologies.

Close to 60 countries also agreed at the first conference for the transition away from fossil fuels in Santa Marta to collaborate and support the development of national and regional roadmaps to end fossil fuels. The task now for this ‘coalition of doers’ is to spearhead ambitious national action at home and, in a turbulent geopolitical space, drive concrete progress.

A just transition means that all communities can access the benefits of renewable energy and that none are disadvantaged through the transition. This means adequate and accessible funding, proper consultation and empowering communities to shape their own energy futures, and avoiding negative impacts on vulnerable communities, such as through mining for critical minerals. 

On the road to the UN General Assembly in September and the UN climate conference COP31 in November, governments must signal their intent to accelerate a just transition. That includes ensuring outcomes at COP31 that are aimed at increasing electricity’s share of final global energy demand actually become a pathway to ending fossil fuel dependence. It’s also time that governments held fossil fuel polluters to account by making them pay for climate damages.

The solutions are here and homegrown renewables are already winning: solar, wind and battery storage deliver cheap, reliable, 24/7 power today. By actively moving to reset the energy landscape with cheap and reliable renewable power, we can ultimately deliver true climate safety and stability. 

Massive Drought in Romania. © Mihai Militaru / Greenpeace
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