Mr. Chestnut, who was barred last year over an endorsement deal with a vegan-meat company, and Miki Sudo easily won their respective contests but did not break records.

Despite the unspeakable horror of her youth, she embraced a school of psychotherapy that stresses empathy and the belief that everyone can change for the better.

Americans are routinely asked to check off boxes about their race and ethnicity, but many say they do not see themselves reflected in the options.